part工general conditions
    第一章 总则    definitions and interpretation
    定义和释义
    1．（1）in the contract，as hereinafter defined，the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them，except where the context otherwise requires：
    1．1在本合同中，除按上下文另具意义者外，下列词语应解释如下：
    （a）'employer' means the party named in part ii who will employ the contractor and the legal successors in title to the employer，but not，except with the consent of the contractor，any assignee of the employer．
    “业主”指第二章中所指定的雇用承包人的一方或其权利继承人，但不包括业主的受让人，经承包人同意者除外。
    （b）“contractor”means the person or persons，firm or company whose tender has been accepted by the employerand includes the contractor’s personal representatives，successors and permitted assigns．
    “承包人”指标书已被业主接受的某个或某些人、商行或公司，包括其个人代表，继承人和业经认可的受让人。
    （c）“engineer”means the engineer designated as such in part ii，or other engineer appointed from time to time by the employer and notified in writing to the contractor to act as engineer for the purposes of the contract in place of the engineer、designated．
    “工程师”指第二章中所指定的工程师，或由业主随时任命且书面通知承包人以代替指定工程师履行合同职责的其他工程师。
    （d) 'engineer’s representative' means any resident engineer or assistant of the engineer or any clerk of works appointed from time to time by the employer or the engineer to perform the duties set forth in clause 2 hereof，whose authority shall be notified in writing to the contractor by the engineer．
    “工程师代表”指任何常驻工程技术人员、工程师助手，或由业主或工程师随时任命履行本合同第二条规定职责的任何工程现场监督，其权限应由工程师书面通告承包人。
    （e) “works” shall include both permanent works and temporary works，
    “工程”包括永久性工程和临建工程。
    （f）“contract” means the conditions of contract，specification，drawings，priced bill of quantities，schedule of rates and prices，if any，tender，letter of acceptance and the contract agreement，if completed．
    “合同”指合同条款、技术规范、图纸、标价的建筑工程清单、单价和价格表（如果有），还可指标书、接受证书以及承包协议（如已完成）。
    （g) “contract price” means the sum named in the letter of acceptance, subject to such additions thereto or deductions therefrom as may be made under the provisions hereinafter contained．
    “合同价格”指在接受证书中确定的数额，可按本合同以下条款规定增减。
    （h)“constructional plant' means all appliances or things of whatsoever nature required in or about the execution or maintenance of the works but does not include materials or other things intended to form or forming part of the permanent works．
    “建筑设备”指工程施工和维修中或有关施工和维修所需的全部设备或物品，不论任何性质，但不包括旨在构成或正在构成永久性工程某一部分的材料或其他物品。
    （i）“temporary works' means all temporary works of every kind required in or about the execution or maintenance of the works．
    “临建工程”指工程施工或维修或有关工程施工或维修所需的各种临时工程。
    （j）“permanent works”means the permanent works to be executed and maintained in accordance with the contract．
    “永久性工程”指按合同将施工和维修的永久工程。
    （k） “specification” means the specification referred to in the tender and any modification thereof or addition thereto as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer．
    “技术规范”指在标书或任何标书更改中提及的规范，或由工程师随时可能增加或书面同意增加的部分。
    （1）“drawings” means the drawings referred to in the specification and any modification of such drawings approved in writing by the engineer and such other drawings as may from time to time be furnished or approved in writing by the engineer．
    “图纸”指技术规范中规定的图纸，经工程师书面同意对此种图纸所作的任何更改，以及可由工程师随时提供或书面认同的其他图纸。
    （m） “site” means the land and other places on，under，in or through which the permanent works or temporary works designed by the engineer are to be executed and any other lands and places provided by the employer for working space or any other purpose as may be apecifically designated in the contract as forming part of the site．
    “工地”指工程师设计的永久性或临建工程施工所需的土地及其他场地，包括地面、地下、在之上或通过部分，以及由业主所提供的用作临时储存或其他目的的其他土地或场所，只要能按合同明文规定构成工地的组成部分。
    （n）“approved” means approved in writing，including subsequent written confirmation ofprevious verbalapproval and“approval' means approval in writing，including as aforesaid．
    “业经认可”指已经经书面认可，包括过后对口头认可的书面确认，“认可”指书面认可，包括上述规定在内。
     （2）words importing the singular only also include the plural and vice versa where the context requires•
    1．2按合同上下文所需，单数含义的单词也可具有复数的含义，反之一样。
    （3）the headings and marginal notes in these conditions of contract shall not be deemed to be part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the contract．
    1．3合同条款的标题和边注不得视为合同的一部分，不得用于考虑解释条款或合同。
    （4）the word“cost' shall be deemed to include overhead costs whether on or off the site．
    1．4“费用”一词应视为含工地上或以外发生的间接费用。
             
    engineer and engineer’s reprf．sfntative
    工程师及工程师代表    2．（1）the engineer shall carry out such duties in issuing decisions，certificates and orders as are specified in the contract．in the event of the engineer being required in terms of his appointment by the employer to obtain the specific approval of the employer for the execution of any part of these duties，this shall be set out in part ii of these conditions．
    2．1工程师必须按合同明文规定，履行作决断、颁发证书和发出指令等职责。如业主签发的工程师任命书中规定其某些职责的履行得经业主专门认可，其要件应在本合同第二部分予以规定。
    （2）the engineer may from time to time in writing delegate to the engineer's representative any of the powers and authorities vested in the engineer and shall furnish to the contractor and to the employer a copy of all such written delegations of powers and authorities． any written instruction or approval given by the engineer’s representative to the contractor within the terms of such delegation，but not otherwise，shall bind the contractor and the employer as though it had been given by the engineer．provided always as follws：
    2．2工程师可随时书面授权其代表代行其任何职权，但必须将所有此种授权书的副本提交给承包人和业主。在授权期间，工程师代表给承包人的任何书面指令或认可（仅限于此）对承包人和业主具有与工程师的指令或认可同样的效力。以下规定属于例外：
    （a） failure of the engineer's representative to disapprove any work or materials shall not prejudice the power of the engineer thereafter to disapprove such work or materials and to order the pulling down，removal or breaking up thereof．
    工程师代表对任何工程或材料的不予否认，不得影响工程师此后否认以及命令拆毁、移动或拆除此种工程或材料的权力。
    （b）if the contractor shall be dissatisfied by reason of any decisions of the engineer's representative he shall be entitled to refer the matter to the engineer，who shall thereupon confirm，reverse or vary such decision．
    若承包人对工程师代表的任何决定不满意，其有权将此决定提交工程师确认、取消或更改。                              assignment and sub—letting
    转让和分包    3．the contractor shall not assign the contract or any part thereof，or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder，otherwise than by a charge in favor of the contractor's bankers of any monies due or to become due under this contract，without the prior written consent of the employer．
    3．未经业主事前书面同意，承包人不得将合同或其他任何部分，或合同所规定或依合同而产生的任何收益转让，向承包人的开户银行支付按本合同规定到期或即将到期的款项除外。    4．the contractor shall not sub-let the whole of the works．except where otherwise provided by the contract，the contractor shall not sub-let any part of the works without the prior written consent of the engineer，which shall not be unreasonably withheld，and such consent，if given，shall not relieve the（contractor from any liability or obligation under the contract and he shall be responsible for the acts，defaults and neglects of any sub-contractor，his agents，servants or workmen as fully as if they were the acts，defaults or neglects of the contractor，his agents． servants or workmen．provided always that the provision of labor on a piecework basis shall not be deemed to be a subletting under the clause．
    4．承包人不得转包整个工程。除非合同另有规定，未经工程师事前书面同意，承包人也不得分包工程的任何部分，但工程师不得无故不同意分包，一旦同意分包，此种同意不得免去承包人所承担的任何合同所规定的责任或义务，他必须对任何分包人、其代理人、雇员或工人的行为、不履行和过失负完全责任，如同这些行为、不履行或过失是承包人、其代理人、雇员或工人所为。以计件方式提供劳力不得视为是本条所规定的分包。
                               
    contract documents
    合同文件    5．（1）there shall be stated in part 1i of these conditions：
    5．1以下要件得在合同第二部分规定：
    （a）the language or languages in which the contract documents shall be drawn up and．
    用以起草合同文件的语言；
    （b）the country or state，the law of which is to apply to the contract and according to which
the contract is to be construed．
    合同适用哪个国家的法律以及用哪个国家的法律解释合同。
    if the said documents are written in more than one language，the language according to which the contract is to be construed and interpreted shall also be designated in part ii，being therein designated the “ruling language”．
    如果文件用一种以上语言作成，用以解释合同的语言也必须在第二部分中规定，且将被寇为“主体语言”。
    （2）except if and to the extent otherwise provided by the contract，the provisions of the conditions of contract parts ⅰ and ⅱshall prevail over those of any other document forming part of the contract．subject to the foregoing，the several documents forming the contract are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one another，but in case of ambiguities or discrepancies the same shall be explained and adjusted by the engineer who shall thereupon issue to the contractor instructions thereon．provided always that if，in the opinion of the engineer，compliance with any such instructions shall involve the contractor in any cost，which by reason of any such ambiguity or discrepancy could not reasonably have been foreseen by the contractor，the engineer shall certify and the employer shall pay such additional sum as may be reasonable to cover such costs．
    5．2除合同中另有规定外，合同第一、二部分的条款规定优于其他任何构成合同的文件的规定。以上述规定为准，构成合同的数个文件可视为能互相解释，如意思含糊或不一致时，由工程师解释和处理，并由此向承包人发出指令。如工程师认为，服从此种指令会使承包人发生额外费用，而此种费用是承包人由于上述意思含糊或不一致而按理无法预见的，工程师应予以证明，业主必须支付相应的额外款额以补偿此种费用。    6．（1）the drawings shall remain in the sole custody of the engineer，but two copies thereof shall be furnished to the contractor free of charge．the contractor shall provide and make at his own expense any further copies required by him．at the completion of the contract the contractor shall return to the engineer all drawings provided under the contract．
    6．1图纸由工程师独自保管，但须向承包人免费提供两份副本。承包人所需的其余副本由他自己制作并承担费用。合同履行后，承包人须将全部合同图纸归还工程师。
    （2）one copy of the drawings，furnished to the contractor as aforesaid，shall be kept by the contractor on the site and the same shall at all reasonable times be available for inspection and use by the engineer and the engineer's representative and by any other person authorized by the engineer in writing．
    6．2承包人必须将按上述规定所提交的一份图纸副本留在工地，让工程师及其代表，或工程师书面授权的任何其他人在所有合理的时间内查阅使用。
    （3）the contractor shall give written notice to the engineer whenever planning or progress of the works' is likely to be delayed or disrupted unless any further drawing or order，including a direction，instruction or approval，is issued by the engineer within a reasonable time．the notice shall include details of the drawing or order required and of why and by when it is required and of any delay or disruption likely to be suffered if it is late．
    6．3如工程师不在适当时间内再提供图纸或命令，包括指示、指令或认可，工程计划或进展便可能被延误或中断时，承包人必须书面通知工程师。通知书中应详细说明所需的图纸或命令，所需原因和时间，以及如果不及时提供而可能造成的任何延误和中断。
    （4）if，by reason of any failure or inability of the engineer to issue within a time reasonable in all the circumstances any drawing or order requested by the contractor in accordance with subclause（3）of this clause，the contractor suffers delay and/or incurs costs then the engineer shall take such delay into account in determining any extension of time to which the contractor is entitled under clause 44 hereof and the contractor shall be paid the amount of such cost as shall be reasonable．   
    6．4如承包人按本条第3款规定索要图纸或命令，由于工程师没有或不能在合理时间内
提供，从而导致承包人误工和左戊承担费用，工程师必须考虑此种延误，以决定是否按本合同第44条规定延长承包人的工期，且只要有理由，承包人所承担的此种费用必须得到补偿。    7．the engineer shall have full power and authority to supply to the contractor from time to time, during the progress of the works，such further drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and maintenance of the works． the contractor shall carry out and be bound by the same．
    7．在施工期间，工程师全权负责随时进一步向承包人提供图纸和指示，以满足工程正常施工和维护所需。承包人必须执行且受图纸和指示的约束。
                               
    general obligations
    总义务    8．（1）the contractor shall，subject to the provisions of the contract，and with due care and diligence, execute and maintain the works and provide all labor，including the supervision thereof, materials，constructional plant and all other things，whether of a temporary or permanent nature，required in and for such execution and maintenance，so far as the necessity for providing the same is specified in or is reasonably to be inferred from the contract．
    8．1承包人必须根据合同条款，对工程的施工和维护予以应有的注意，且提供此种施工和维护所必需的包括劳动管理在内的所有劳力、材料、施工成套设备及其他一切物品，不管其是临时或长期性质，只要合同明文规定需要或根据合同合理推断需要。
    （2）the contractor shall take full responsibility for the adequacy，stability and safety of all site operations and methods of construction，provided that the contractor shall not be responsible, except as may be expressly provided in the contract，for the design or specification of the permanent works，or for the design or specification of any temporary works prepared by the engineer•
    8．2承包人必须对现场操作和施工方法的恰当、稳定及安全性负全部责任。除非合同另有明文规定，承包人对工程师制定的永久性工程的设计或规格，或临建工程的设计或规格概不负责。    9．the contractor shall，when called upon so to do，enter into and execute a contract agreement，to be prepared and completed at the cost of the employer，in the form annexed with such modification as may be necessary，
    9．如经要求，承包人必须签署一承包协议，该协议由业主制定并承担费用，协议应附带必要的修正条款。    10．if，for the due performance of the contract，the tender shall contain an undertaking by
the contractor to obtain，when required，a bond or guarantee of an insurance company or bank, or other approved sureties to be jointly and severally bound with the contractor to the employer, in a sum not exceeding that stated in the letter of acceptance for such bond or guarantee，the said insurance company or bank or sureties and the terms of the said bond or guarantee shall be such as shall be approved by the employer． the obtaining of such bond or guarantee or theprovision of such sureties and the cost of the bond or guarantee to be so entered into shall be at the expense in all respects of the contractor，unless the contract otherwise provides．
    10．为正常履行合同，在标书中，承包人应承诺按要求取得保险公司或银行的保单或保函，或其他业经认可由承包人向业主负连带责任的担保，其数额不超过验收证书中规定的保单或保函额，上述保险公司、银行或担保以及上述保单或保函的条款必须经业主认可。此种保单或保函的取得或担保的提供，以及缔结保单或保函的费用应全部由承包人承担，合同中另有规定的除外。    11．the employer shall have made available to the contractor with the tender documents such data on hydrological and sub-surface conditions as shall have been obtained by or on behalf of the employer from investigations undertaken relevant to the works and the tender shall be deemed to have been based on such data，but the contractor shall be responsible for his own interpretation thereof．
    11．业主必须在招标文件中向承包人提供由业主或其代理人在进行工程考察时获得的水文及地质情况资料，标书必须视为是基于此种资料所制定的，但承包人必须对资料的理解自行负责。
    the contractor shall also be deemed to have inspected and examined the site and its surroundings and information available in connection therewith and to have satisfied himself，so far as is practicable，before submitting his tender，as to the form and nature thereof，including the sub-surface conditions，the hydrological and climatic conditions，the extent and nature of work and materials necessary for the completion of the works，the means of access to the site and the accommodation he may require and，in general，shall be deemed to have obtained all necessary information，subject as above mentioned，as to risks，contingencies and all other circumstances which may influence of affect his tender．
    承包人也必须被视为已视察了工地及周围环境，查阅了可获得的有关工地资料，且在提交标书前，对一切实际情况，从形式到性质，包括地质条件、水文和气候条件、工程范围和性质以及完成工程所必需的材料、到达工地的交通工具和所需的食宿等感到满意，总之，承包人必须被视为已得到所有必要的资料，除涉及上述情况外，还涉及风险、意外事件及其他一切可能影响其投标的情况。    12．the contractor shall be deemed to have satisfied himself before tendering as to the correctness and sufficiency of his tender for the works and of the rates and prices stated in the priced bill of quantities and the schedule of rates and prices，if any，which tender rates and prices shall，except insofar as it is otherwise provided in the contract，cover all his obligations under the contract and all matters and things necessary for the proper execution and maintenance of the works．if，however，during the execution of the works the contractor shall encounter physical conditions，other than climatic conditions on the site，or artificial obstructions，which conditions or obstructions could，in his opinion，not have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced contractor，the contractor shall forthwith give written notice thereof to the engineer's representative and if，in the opinion of the engineer，such conditions or artificial obstructions could not have been reasonably foreseen by an experienced contractor，then the engineer shall certify and the employer shall pay the additional cost to which the contractor shallhave been put by reason of such conditions，including the proper and reasonable cost．
    12．承包人得被视为在投标前已对其工程标书，对标价的建筑工程清单、单价和价格表（如果有）上所列的单价和价格的正确性和完善性感到满意，此种投标价格必须贯穿其所有的合同义务，适用于所有为工程的正常施工和维护所必需的事物，除非本合同另有规定。然而，在施工期间，如承包人遇到除工地气候之外的其他自然情况或人为阻碍，依他所见，此种自然情况或人为阻碍是经验丰富的承包人也无法预见的，承包人必须立即书面通知工程师代表，如工程师确认此种情况或人为阻碍为经验丰富的承包人无法合理预见，工程师必须作证且业主支付承包人由于此种情况而承担的额外费用，包括因遇到此种情况或阻碍而：
    （a）of complying with any instruction which the engineer may issue to the contractor in connection therewith，and
    （1）为执行工程师可能向承包人发出的与此情况有关的任何指示而发生的正当合理的费用，以及
    （b）of any proper and reasonable measures approved by the engineer which the contractor may take in the absence of specific instructions from the engineer．as a result of such conditions or obstructions being encountered．
    （2）在无工程师具体指示时，承包人可能采取业经工程师认可的恰当和合理措施而发生的正当合理费用。    13．save insofar as it is legally or physically impossible，the contractor shall execute and maintain the works in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer and shall comply with and adhere strictly to the engineer's instructions and directions on any matter whether mentioned in the contract or not，touching or concerning the works．the contractor shall take instructions and directions only from the engineer or，subject to the limitations referred to in clause 2 hereof，from the engineer's representative．
    13．除因法律或自然因素而不能之外，承包人必须严格按合同规定施工和维护工程，使工程师感到满意，且必须遵守和严格执行工程师有关任何事项的指令和指示，不管合同中是否有规定，提及或涉及到工程，承包人只能从工程师处接受指令和指示，或根据本合同第2条规定，接受工程师代表的指令和指示。    14．（1）within the time stated in part 11 of these conditions，the contractor shall，after the acceptance of his tender，submit to the engineer for his approval a program showing the order of procedure in which he proposes to carry out the works．the contractor shall，whenever required by the engineer or engineers’representative，also provide in writing for his information a general description of the arrangements and methods which the contractor proposes to adopt for the execution of the works．